Dynamo-electric machine or motor



(No Model.) 3 SheetsSheet 1.

B. I'. ORTON.

DYNAMC ELECTRIC MACHINE 0R MOTOR. No. 331,818. Patented Deo. 8,1885.

NA Pnzns. Pham-Lmmwef, wmangw". n. c.

(N0 Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. B. F. ORTON.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE 0R MOTOR.

No. 331,818. Patented Deo. 8, 1885.

Bg/wir .7W/02076191:

N. PETSRS, Pham-Lllhugmphnr. wuslyingmn. D.c.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. B. P. ORTON.

DYNAMC ELECTRIC MACHINE CE MCTCE.

No. 331,818. Patented DCC. 8, 1885.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMIN F. OBTON, OF EAST SAGINAW, MICHIGAN.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE OR MOTOR.

SFECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 331,818, dated December 8, 1885.

Application tiled February 11, 1885. Serial No. 155,626.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN F. OnToN, a citizen of the United States. and a resident of East Saginaw, in the county of Saginaw and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-Electric Machines or Motors, of which the following is a specification.

The object of'my invention is to simplify and improve the construction of dynamo-electric machines and motors, as also to secure eompactness, and likewise freedom from heating of the armature while the machine is in use.

My invention consists in the improved details and the particular combinations that will be described in connection with the accompanying drawings, and will then be more specifically designated in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of a dynamo machine or motor constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is an endelevation of the same. Fig. 3 4is a plan of the machine. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view'ot' the armature, showing the same inside elevation with a portion in vertical section. Fig. 5 is an elevation of the armature-core detached. Fig. 6 is a vertical cross-section oi' the spider or frame supporting the armaturecore, and illustrates certain details of construction, to be described further on. lFig. 7 is a plan of a portion lof the armature, and shows one of the shoes, of iron, placed between the coils or bobbins on the armature. Fig. 8 is a perspective view ofthe separating-pieces applied to the outer circumference and to the side of the armature-core between adjoining bobbins. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of my improved spool, upon which the coils of the armature are wound,

and which is adapted after the winding to be slipped into place upon the armature core or body. Fig. l() is a central cross-section of the armature-core shown in Fig. 5. Fig. l1 is a plan of a portion of the armature-core at the point where it engages with one of the arms of the spider or frame on which it is sup ported. l

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, A indicates the base or pedestal ofthe machine, which pedestalis made of iron, and is formed or pro-1 (No model.)

longitudinal extensions A, upon which rest' or to which are secured the uprighttield-mag nets B B, wound in any suitable manner with the coils complete, as shown at the left, or in sections, as indicated at the right, ofthe rigure. The cores of these magnets rest yu pon and are in connection with the extensions A4, so that the magnetism excited by the coil may be iinparted to the pole-piece N. It is ot' course to be understood that the coils are wound or connected so as to conspire in producing the saine polarity north or south, as the case may be, in the pole-piece N. Secured to the top of the magnets B B, and in magnetic connection with their cores, is a plate or plates, C C, of iron, joining the tops of the magnets, and formed or provided at S with a pole-piece suitably curved or grooved to form in conjunction with the pole-piece Na circular magnetic field for an annular armature. The poles N S lie, as indicated, in the line connecting the two magnets B B, and the whole form a magnetic parallelogram, the two sides of which consist ofthe magnets, while the top and bottom are formed of masses of iron constructed or provided at points between the magnets with polepieces. The plate C is secured to the top of the magnet-cores by bolts and nuts, (indicated at G2) said bolts passing down through the perforated cores ot' the magnets, and having their heads located beneath plates A, while the nuts of the said bolts are on the top of the formof field-magnet it will be observed thatthe pedestal or base coincides magnetically with thelower pole-pieces, and therefore tends to assist in the formation of magnetic polarity at the proper point. This form also gives IOO simplicity and economy in the use of material, since but one support is used for the fieldmagnet, and the material of that support may in part constitute the mass forming the polepiece.

D indicates a shaft for said armature, which shaft runs in the journals or bearings supported upon brackets D2, which latter are suitably secured to the lower pole, N.

The commutator of the machine is indicated at E, and is of any desired or ordinary description. In order to further steady the machine while in operation, braces A5 may be applied, as indicated, between the base A3 and the extension At. By this construction of the fieldmagnet good magnetic effects are obtained from asmall amount of iron, while at the same time the construction is exceedingly compact and simple. The arms of a spider-frame, upon which the core of the armature is supported, are indicated at F. These arms extend radially from a central hub, F2, and terminate at their ends in bifurcations, forming a seat for the armature-core. The forks or bifurcations are indicated at F3, Fig. 6.

The armature-core is a sectional one, this construction being adopted in order to permit the bobbins or coils thereof to be slipped into place after being wound around a suitable coil or spool. I build up the body of the armature from thin plates or sheets of iron, included, preferably, between two retainingbands.

The method of forming the sectional armature, which I will now describe, might be carried ont with other forms-as, for instance, with those in which the body is made up from wires suitably secured together.

Referring to Fig. 5, G indicates a ring or band of iron forming a support or inner retaining-band, for the body for the armature, while G2 is an outer retaining-band. Both of these bands are somewhat thicker than the thin sheets of iron forming the body or central portion of the core, so as tol'give the requisite stiffness or stability to the structure. The bands G G2 may be formed of continuous pieces of iron, if so desired; and this is the preferable way of making the inner band.

In building up the armature, I wind or form around. the annular plate G a series of thin plates of iron, H, which may be a continuous sheet or band, or may be made up by joining or overlapping several sections of thin sheetiron. The thin plates or sheets H are separated from one another at suitable points by pieces of iron, or any other desired material,(indicated at H2) so as to leave free airspace extending laterally through the armature, to permit ready circulation of air for the purpose of keeping the armature cool. The outer retaining-band, G2, is made of iron, and through it pass rivets, (indicated at G2) which extend through the body of the armature and theinner plate, G, so as to bind the whole firmly together. Having formed a continuous ring or body of iron in this manner, I divide the same into one or more sections by means of a suitable cutter` and then, after placing the abutting ends of the two sections thus formed firmly together and securing them in this position, I place the armature in a lathe and turn it down in its inner and outer peripheries to a true circle. this being done in order to compensate for the material removed in the process of bisecting the annulus. The core may now be again taken apart and the armature coils or bobbins applied by slipping them into place upon it, after which the whole is secured in position upon the spider or frame by the devices to be presently described. It is preferable to divide the armature on a line through the separating-pieces H2, since when the latter are made of iron a better magnetic joint will be formed.

In order to hold the core firmly in place upon the spider, I have devised the following construction: At suitable points upon the coresections where they rest upon the spider-arms I cnt grooves or slots in their sides, as indicated at I, Fig. ll, so as to form oifsets,which will impinge against the sides of the spiderarms and prevent the core from moving circumferentially in its support. It is of course to be understood that the body or core of the armature is somewhat wider than the open space between the bifurcations F3, the excess of width being indicated by the dotted lines, Fig. 6, which show the width ofthe outer and inner retainingbands, G G2. In the Figs. 4 and 6 onlytheinner and outerretainingbands of the armature-core are shown, in order that the construction may be better seen. The core-sections are slipped into place upon the ends ofthe spider-arms, which latter fit snugly in the grooves or slot-s I. To hold the armature-core in place against centrifugal action, a bolt or screw, K, may be employed, which bolt passes through the armature core or body in a radial direction into the spider arm. The bolt or screw K is held [irmlyin place by the bolt K2, which exten ds across from one arm, F3, to the other immediately over the head of the screw K. rIhe bolt K2 has the additional function of holding in place one of the supporting pieces of iron applied to the exterior periphery of the armature-core between the armature coils or bobbins.

Separating-pieces of iron applied to the exterior periphery of the armature core between the armatnre-bobins are constructed as follows:

M indicates a shoe or plate, of iron, preferably curved to the form of the armature, and provided with the two radially-extending sides Mattached to or cast in one piece with the base M. Mounted upon the shoe, and

substantially lling the space between the sides, is a series of the plates R, set on edge and secured by bolts or rivets passing transversely through the sides BP and the plates R. The plates are kept a short distance apart by IOO IIO

Washers or blocks R2 upon the bolts or rivets used for .this purpose, asindicated at a. The latter serve the additional function of holding in place the pieces of iron that are attached to the side of the armature between the adjoiningbobins. The separating-pieces on the side of the armature are made up, preferably, of twol series of plates, S, which overlap one another at their inner ends, nearer to the inside of the armature, and diverge, as indicated, on the sides of the bobbins. At their outer ends, where bolts a pass through them, they are separated by pieces of iron or other material, so as to leave free air-spaces between them. These plates may be ot' any desired shape, and may be broader or narrower, according as it is desired to more fully lill up the space on the sides of the armature between the bobbins. If desired, they might be held by bolts or rivets separate't'rom the bolts A. j At the points wherel they overlap the bolts or rivets pass into or through the inner retaining-band, G, or might, if desired, pass under the same. At the points over the spider-arms the bolts K2 assist in holding the upright plates R together. At these points the sides M2 ofthe shoes are cut away, as indicated at M, Fig. 6, so as to fit down over the forked end of the spider-arni. The shoes M might be held down by screws, asindicated in Figs. 4and 7,passing into the outer retaining-band, G2. Extending circumferentially from the base M ot' the shoe, and in both directions, are the projections or toes L2, that pass beneath the spools T upon which the coils are wound, and between the body ofthe same and the armature-core, so as to hold the spools or bobbins iirmly against the movement, and to alsohold the shoes in place against centrifugal action. To assist in the interlocking of the bobbins and the supporting-pieces on the outer periphery of the core, the spools T may be formed with projections,y (indicated at T22) 'which enter corresponding depressions in the side plates, M2 M", and the plates It.

The spool upon which the coils are wound is constructed, prete `ably,as shown in Fig'. 9, and consists of two plates, XV, on opposite sides ofthe space filled by the armature-core, and which plates are joined in the spool heads or flanges V. The plates WV are straight, instead ol' being curved to the form of the armature, and the iianges or heads V are substantially parallel, so as to form space for thc bobbins that are of substantially the same capacity upon the inside and outside of the armaturecore. The difficulty that ordinary arises from the crowding ofthe coils upon the inside of the annular armature is thus avoided. The distance between the plates NV V must of course be somewhat greater than the thickness ofthe armature-core in a radial direction, in order to permit the spools to be slipped in place upon the core sections. To till up the space on the inside of the plates WV and the body of the core, plates of iron may be inserted, as indicated in section at Fig. 4. The toes or projections L2 also assist in r iilling up this space, and may be extended for this purpose to a considerably greater distance than is shown in Fig. 8. The projections V2, which extend from the spool-heads, serve to assist in holding the supporting-pieces upon the side ofthe armature against lateral displacement. The spools may be provided with intermediate flanges, as indicated in Fig. 9, in order to permitvthe coils to be wound more readily into two sections. The joints between the sections are located beneath the shoes or plates M. n

The mode of connecting the coils to one another forms no part of my present invention, and is not therefore described or indicated.

I make no claim herein to the. described method of making a sectional arn'iature by building up the endless-core, cutting the same into sections, and then putt-ing the sections together ina lathe and turning the core down, as this will form thesubject ot' another' application for patent to be iiled by me.

Vliat I claim as myinvention is- 1. In a dynamo-electrical machine or inotor, an armature cylindrical in outline having its coils or bobbins separated at their outer circumference by iron plates set on edge upon a commonbase or shoe that is applied to the armature core or body, and is provided with the radially-extending platesR, .through which fastening-pins ctpass.

ICO

2. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor,

the combination, with the armature-core cylindrical in outline, of transverse plates or shoes ot' iron applied lto the outer circumference ofthe core between the coils or bobbins and provided with a series of plates extending radiallyvfrom thesurface of the transverse plates and separated ,by free air-spaces, as described. 4

3. In a dynamo-electric machine .or motor, the combination, with the armature-core and its bobbins, ot'separating-plates ot'iron curved to the form of thearinatnre and provided with the radially-extendingside plates to form a tray or box for a series of iron plates secured in the space between the sides by bolts or screws, as described.

4t. In a dynamo-electric machine, the conibination, with the spider-frame, the armaturecore, and the separating bodies ot' iron interposed on t-he outer periphery ofthe armaturebody between the armature coils or bobbins, of fastening-bolts passing transversely across the ends of the spider-arms and through the separating-bodies.

The combination, with the bifurcated spider-arms and the armature, ofthe transverse bolts at the outer=end thereof and exterior to the outer periphery of the armature core or body.

6. The combination, with the spider-frame and the armature supported thereon, of the IIO trg

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transverse fastening-pieces, the curved separating plates or shoes of iron resting on the armature core or body, and plates of iron supported on said shoes and having the fastening pieces or bolts of the spider passing through them.

7. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor, the combination of a spider-frame whose arms are bifurcated at their outer ends, an armature-core supported thereon, and transverse bolts K2, passing transversely through both sides or arms of the bifurcation.

8. The combination, with the bobbins or coils in an annular armature, of interposed sets of iron plates fastened to the sides of the armature and overlapping at their inner ends, while their outer ends diverge to follow the sides of the bobbins.

9. The combination, with the coils or bobbins in an annular armature, of the iron plates S, overlapping at their inner ends and provided at their outer diver-ging ends with sepi arating-pieces of any desired material.

10. The combination, with the annular armature, of the curved iron shoes M, having the toes or projections L2 entering beneath the armature-bobbins and provided with the iron sides M2, the plates of iron mounted edgewise on the shoes, the side plates of iron interposed between the bobbins, and fastening pins or bolts a.

11. rIhe combination, with an annular armature, of a spool for the armaturecoils adapted to be slipped upon the armature-core, and having a substantially straight axis or body, and key-pieces between the spool and armature-core, as and for the purpose described.

12. In an annular armature for dynamoelectric machines or motors, armature-coil spools having circumferentially extending projections locking into the dividing or separating pieces applied to the armature-core between the bobbins.

13. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor, a pedestal of iron formed atits top into a polepiece and provided with longitudinal extensions to either side ofthe pole-pieee and pelestal, in combination with vertical magnetcores secured to said extensions and joined at their top by a plate that is parallel to the pedestal and extensions thereof, and is provided with a pole-piece presented tofthe polepiece upon the pedestal.

14. In a dynamo-electric machine or`motor, an armature spool or bobbin holder consisting, essentially, of two plates located at opposite sides of the spool-axis and separated at their edges, said plates being joined fatjtheir ends in spool heads or flanges.

15. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor, the combination, in an annular armature, of two or more bobbins wound in suitable bobbin spools or holders, compound separatingpieces of iron applied to the sides of the armature core, and projections from the spoolheads,arranged as described, to hold the separating-pieces against lateral displacement.

16. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor, the spools T, provided with the projections V2, extending from the spool-heads and lapping over upon the separating-pieces applied to the sides of the armature, so as to hold said separating-pieces from lateral displacement.

17. 'In a dynamoelectric machine or motor, the spools T, having projections extending therefrom and interlocking with the separating masses interposed between the spools, as and for the purpose described. j

18. The combination, with the fastening radial bolt or screw K,for fastening the armature-core to the spider, of the transverse bolt K2, passing laterally through the spider-arm directly over the bolt or screw.

19. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor, a coil spool consisting, essentially, of two plates, WV, and the heads or flanges V.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State'of New York, this 10th day of February, A. D. 1885.

BENJAMIN F. ORTON.

VVitnesess:

Trios. TooMnY, WM. H. BLAIN. 

